Drill with Docker Commands

Step into docker commands with its guide.

Docker commands

Some useful docker commands

Manage Docker as a non-root user

Post-installation steps for Linux

# create the group named docker
sudo groupadd docker
# add user to the group
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
# activate the change to groups
newgrp docker 

Start docker

systemctl start docker

Stop docker

systemctl stop docker

Restart docker

service docker restart

Check docker version

docker -v or docker --version show docker version in one line

docker version show details informations

List and sort the versions available in your repo

yum list docker --showduplicates | sort -r

or

yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r

search docker image

docker search <image-name>

get tags of a docker image

From How to list all tags of a docker image:

List first 10 tags:

curl 'https://registry.hub.docker.com/v2/repositories/<owner>/<repo>/tags/'|jq '."results"[]["name"]'

List all tags:

i=0
 
while [ $? == 0 ]
do 
   i=$((i+1))
   curl https://registry.hub.docker.com/v2/repositories/<owner>/<repo>/tags/?page=$i 2>/dev/null|jq '."results"[]["name"]'
done

get docker ip

docker inspect -f '{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' container_name_or_id

run docker on an external device

How to tell Docker to store and run containers on an external drive

chown -R root:root /mnt/external-drive/docker-base
chmod 701 /mnt/external-drive/docker-base

Edit the file /etc/docker/daemon.json:

{
    "graph": "/mnt/external-drive/docker-base"
}

And then service docker restart.

Manage docker images

Check docker images

docker images -a

TO show full image id

docker images --no-trunc

Build a docker image

in a directory containing a Dockerfile:

docker build . -t <image-name>

docker build . -t <image-name> -f <dockerfile-name>

you may want to add --no-cache flag in order to make apt update && apt upgrade in Dockerfile take effect:

docker build . --no-cache -t <image-name>

if you have multiple dockerfiles in a directory, you need to specify your dockerfile name: docker build . -t <image-name> -f <docker-file-name>

Build a docker image from an existing container

docker commit <container-name> <image-name:tag>

Pull a image from dockerhub

docker pull <image-name:tag>

Push your image to dockerhub

docker login
docker tag <image-name:tag> <your-docker-hub-id>/<image-name:tag>
docker push <your-docker-hub-id>/<image-name:tag>

Load a docker image from xxx.tar.gz

docker load -i xxx.tar.gz

Save a docker image to xxx.tar.gz

docker save -o xxx.tar.gz <image-name>

Rename a docker image

docker tag <old-image-name> <new-image-name>

Remove a docker image

docker rmi <image-name>

Remove all docker images

docker rmi $(docker images -q)

Manager docker containers

Check docker containers

docker ps -a

Check port forwarding of containers

docker ps --format "{{.ID}}: {{.Ports}}" or docker ps --format "{{.Names}}: {{.Ports}}"

Check docker containers' numeric IDs

docker ps -q

Remove all docker containers

docker rm $(docker ps -aq)

Check mounted directories of a container

docker inspect -f '{{ .Mounts }}' <container-name>

Run a docker image(create and then start a container)

docker run --name <container-name> -td -p <host-port>:<container-port> \
-v <host-directory>:<container-directory> \
-e <environment-variable-name>=<environment-variable-value> --restart always <image-name>

Add new mount to existing but stopped container

How can I add a volume to an existing Docker container? Edit /var/lib/docker/containers/99d...1fb/config.v2.json, add a new volume into "MountPoints":{}. And then service docker restart.

Check container restart policy

Is it possible to show the restart policy of a running Docker container?

docker inspect -f "{{ .HostConfig.RestartPolicy }}" <container-name>

Disable auto-restart container

[docker - how do you disable auto-restart on a container?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37599128/docker-how-do-you-disable-auto-restart-on-a-containerdocker update --restart=no)

docker update --restart=no <container-name>

To update all containers:

docker update --restart=no $(docker ps -a -q)

Start a existing but stopped container

docker start -i <container-name>

Enter a container

docker exec -it <container-name> bash

Exit a container without stopping it

<ctrl+p> and then <ctrl+q>

Stop a container

docker stop <container-name>

Remove a container

docker rm <container-name>

Stop and remove a container

docker rm -f <container-name>

Remove all exited containers

docker ps -a | grep Exit | cut -d ' ' -f 1 | xargs docker rm

Rename a container

docker rename <old-container-name> <new-container-name>

Docker machine

Create a docker machine

docker-machine create --driver virtualbox <your-vm-name>

List all docker machines

docker-machine ls

Start a docker machine

docker-machine start <your-vm-name>

Stop a docker machine

docker-machine stop <your-vm-name>

Remove a docker machine

docker-machine rm <your-vm-name>

Execute <command> in <your-vm-name>

docker-machine ssh <your-vm-name> "<command>"

Copy <filename> from local to <your-vm-name>

docker-machine scp <filename> <your-vm-name>:~

Configure <your-vm-name>'s shell to host

eval $(docker-machine env <your-vm-name>)

docker-compose

Build containers for a service

docker-compose up

Build containers for a service, specifying the yml file <docker-compose.yml>

docker-compose -f <docker-compose.yml> up

List images used by the created containers

docker-compose images

Stops containers and removes containers, networks, volumes, and images created by up.

docker-compose down

List containers

docker-compose ps

Removes stopped service containers

docker-compose rm

Scale docker containers

docker-compose scale <service-name>=<num>

Docker swarm

Make the host a manager

docker swarm init

Let other hosts join the swarm as a worker

docker swarm join \
>     --token SWMTKN-x-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \
>     \<manager-ip>:2377

This command is showed when you execute docker swarm init on your swarm manager, so don't worry about the token.

(From manager host)List all nodes in swarm

docker node ls

Remove a worker node

For worker node:

docker swarm leave #from swarm worker
docker node rm <NODE> #from swarm manager

or

docker node rm -f <NODE> #from swarm manager

Remove the last manager node

docker swarm leave --force success

docker node demote <NODE> gives "Error response from daemon: rpc error: code = 9 desc = attempting to demote the last manager of the swarm"

docker node rm -f <NODE> gives "Error response from daemon: rpc error: code = 9 desc = node ozsxfaadni1glz9yrl2w4o9kl is a cluster manager and is a member of the raft cluster. It must be demoted to worker before removal"

Docker stack

To deploy a service

docker stack deploy -c <docker-compose.yml> <service-name>

If you have a .env file, you may want to use the following command instead:

docker stack deploy -c <(docker-compose config) <service-name>

Check the services on the swarm

docker stack ls

Check the detail of the service <service-name>

docker stack services <service-name>

Check the machines running <service-name>

docker stack ps <service-name>

Remove the service <service-name>

docker stack rm <service-name>

Docker service

List docker services

docker service ls

Check the machines running <service-name>

docker service ps <service-name>

Check the detail of <service-name>

docker service inspect <service-name>

Scale the docker service <service-name> to <N> replicas

docker service scale <service-name>=<N>

Other commands

Copy a file to and from a container

docker cp <file-name> <container-name>:/<file-name>
docker cp <container-name>:/<file-name> <file-name>

Remove docker networks

docker network rm $(docker network ls -q)

Retrieve the logs of a container

docker logs <container-name>

Make a container hang around(not exit immediately)

docker run -td --entrypoint=/bin/bash <image-name>

Installation

Install docker 19.03

NVIDIA/nvidia-docker

With docker 19.03 installed, then there is no need to use nvidia-docker since NVIDIA GPUs are now natively supported as devices in the Docker runtime.

# Add the package repositories
distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID)
curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/gpgkey | sudo apt-key add -
curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/$distribution/nvidia-docker.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-docker.list
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y nvidia-container-toolkit
sudo systemctl restart docker

Install docker-compose

From https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/#install-compose:

# Run this command to download the latest version of Docker Compose:
# check https://github.com/docker/compose/releases to replace 1.23.1 with newest version
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.23.1/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
 
# Apply executable permissions to the binary
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
 
# Test the installation
docker-compose --version

Install docker-machine

# Download the Docker Machine binary and extract it to your PATH
base=https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.16.0 &&
  curl -L $base/docker-machine-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) >/tmp/docker-machine &&
  sudo install /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
 
# Check the installation by displaying the Machine version
docker-machine version

Install VirtualBox

For Ubuntu:

apt-get install virtualbox

From How To Install VirtualBox 5.2 on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7.

# Install header and development tools
yum install -y kernel-devel kernel-headers gcc make perl
 
# Download and import the Oracle public key
yum -y install wget
wget https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc
rpm --import oracle_vbox.asc
 
# Download the VirtualBox repository file for CentOS 7 / RHEL 7 and move it into /etc/yum.repos.d/ directory
wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/rpm/el/virtualbox.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/virtualbox.repo
 
# Install VirtualBox v5.2
yum install -y VirtualBox-5.2
 
# Check the status of VirtualBox Linux kernel module service
systemctl status vboxdrv
 
# Access VirtualBox
virtualbox

To uninstall:

yum remove VirtualBox-<virtualbox-version>.x86_64 # For example, \<virtualbox-version> could be 5.0

Nvidia docker commands

Check nvidia docker version

nvidia-docker version